Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious illness caused by influenza viruses. These viruses mainly affect the nose, throat, and lungs. The flu occurs worldwide and can affect people of all ages. The severity ranges from mild cases that improve on their own to serious illness that may require hospital care or, in … Read more
The common cold is a short-term viral infection that mainly affects the nose and throat. Typical symptoms include sneezing, coughing, stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, and tiredness. Some people may also develop a mild fever or feel unwell in general. In most healthy individuals, the cold improves on its own within about a week. … Read more
Gastroenteritis is an illness that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Its main symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, cramps, and sometimes fever. It is often called the “stomach flu,” although it is not related to influenza. The most common causes are viruses such as norovirus and rotavirus, or bacteria such as Escherichia coli … Read more
Typhoid fever is a serious illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It spreads mainly through eating food or drinking water contaminated with the feces or urine of an infected person. The disease is most common in places with poor sanitation, limited clean water, and inadequate hygiene. Symptoms usually start with a lasting high fever, … Read more
Zika virus is a disease spread mainly by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. It became widely known in the mid-2010s because of its rapid spread across countries and the health problems linked to it. Besides mosquito bites, the virus can also be passed through sexual contact, blood transfusions, … Read more
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), and urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body). Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type … Read more
Dengue fever is a viral illness spread by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are most active during the day. It causes symptoms similar to the flu but can develop into a serious and sometimes life-threatening condition. The virus has four closely related types (DENV-1 to DENV-4), so a person can catch dengue … Read more
Mumps is a contagious illness caused by a virus that mainly affects the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands located near the jaw. In more serious cases, it can also affect other parts of the body. The virus spreads through tiny droplets in the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, and can … Read more
Rubella, or German measles, is a contagious illness caused by the rubella virus, part of the Matonaviridae family. It most often affects children and young adults, but anyone who is not vaccinated can catch it. Symptoms are usually mild and may include a fine pink or red rash that starts on the face and spreads … Read more
Hepatitis is a condition where the liver becomes inflamed, meaning it is swollen and irritated. It can be caused by viruses that specifically attack the liver (called hepatotropic viruses), harmful substances such as alcohol or certain medicines, or by the immune system mistakenly attacking the liver (autoimmune hepatitis). When the liver is damaged, it cannot … Read more