Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. It is most often caused by a bacterial infection, usually by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines. Cystitis is considered a form of urinary tract infection (UTI), which affects parts of the body that produce and carry urine. … Read more
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is a viral disease caused by the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The virus mainly infects rodents, especially the common house mouse (Mus musculus), and can spread to humans through contact with infected rodents or their waste. The illness can range from mild, flu-like symptoms to more serious brain and nervous system problems, … Read more
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease that affects the brain and nervous system. It spreads to humans mainly through the bite of an infected tick. The illness usually develops in two stages. The first stage causes mild, flu-like symptoms such as fever, tiredness, headache, and muscle pain. The second stage can be more serious, … Read more
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection that causes swelling of the brain. It spreads to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, mainly Culex mosquitoes. The virus, known as the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is commonly found in a cycle between mosquitoes, pigs, and wild waterbirds. These animals act as natural hosts for the … Read more
Powassan virus is a rare but serious illness spread to humans through the bite of infected ticks, especially the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Many people who get the virus do not develop any symptoms. However, some may become sick, showing mild symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, and weakness. In severe cases, the virus can … Read more
Amoebiasis is an infection of the intestines caused by a microscopic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. The infection spreads when people consume food or water contaminated with tiny parasite cysts, usually due to poor sanitation or contact with infected feces. It is most common in tropical and subtropical regions where access to clean water and proper … Read more
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease that mostly affects newborn babies, especially those who are born prematurely or have a very low birth weight. In this condition, parts of the intestine become inflamed and begin to die (a process called necrosis). If not treated quickly, NEC can cause holes (perforations) in the bowel, … Read more
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family. It can infect people of any age and usually does not cause symptoms in healthy individuals. However, it can lead to serious illness in people with weakened immune systems such as those who have received organ transplants or have HIV/AIDS and in babies … Read more
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common and easily spread virus that infects the lungs and airways. It is a major cause of respiratory illness around the world, especially in infants and young children, but it can also affect older adults and people with weak immune systems. Almost all children come into contact with RSV … Read more
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. It spreads mainly through contact with water, soil, or food contaminated by the urine of infected animals, especially rodents such as rats. The bacteria can survive for long periods in warm and wet environments, so the disease is more common in tropical and subtropical … Read more